Dust properties

Dust has the nature of the "inert" is a direct effect but can accumulate in the lung tissue when continuously for long periods can occur with lung disorders called pneumoconiosis, but the nature of the dust has various properties, among others, are settled. Dust tends to always settle for gravitational influence of the earth. However, because the small size of this dust is sometimes relative is in the air. The nature of the surface is wet, wet dust will likely always be covered by a very thin layer of water. Clumping is, surface dust that is always wet facilitate clotting, tarbulensi air will increase the formation of clots. Static electricity is the dust has electrical properties that can attract other particles in the opposite. Is optical, dust or wet or moist particles can emit visible light in a dark room.

hospital waste

Health services at the Hospital is one type of health care services industry is the nature of its activities operate in 24 hours. In the process of exploiting the great potential of resources. The tendency of the use of medical equipment consumables (disposable plastic) along with the development of industrial technology medical equipment, which can be infectious waste needs to receive attention in its management. Problems or things in hospitals that are often observed, among others, is the problem of waste (both solid waste and liquid waste), linen problems, nutritional problems and the problem of hospital space.
If further scrutiny every service process that uses materials / supporting materials will be produced at the end of the process waste. One of the services that generate such waste is derived from the laundry service.
The existence of the elements of chemistry, physics and microbes terkandunng by hospital waste originating from the laundry would be a potential negative impact on the environment, among others, internal and extern to the environment.
1. Internal environmental impact include:
a. As a source of pollutants on Nosocomial Infections.
b. Cause odor and aesthetic problems of the community hospital.
c. As media proliferation of insect vectors of disease.
d. Can injure the (injury) and infected hospital staff.
2. Extern impact on the environment include:
a. Cause odor and aesthetic disturbance to the surrounding community hospitals.
b. Disturb or kill aquatic life water bodies of water.
c. Autrofikasi trigger water bodies of water.
d. Contaminate groundwater and surface water.
e. Infects people (water borne disease), especially against people who use water as the water bodies receiving wastewater effluent.

What is stress of work and from which arise?

With simple language, job stress can be understood as a situation where a person faces the task or job that may or may not yet be reached by his ability. If a new person's ability to number five, but the ability to face a demanding job with the number nine, then it is very likely that person will be exposed to work stress.
By definition as above, means that causes a person exposed to work stress that there are two.
First, because the management, organization, supervisor, or head that delivers real tasks beyond the capabilities of the employee-owned. This we might call the factual reasons. In fact, people actually get a job or a job that can not be reached by his ability.
Second, because the employees themselves. If he was lazy-masalan, used to think negatively, or not willing to learn, want delicious, yes usually given the task alone was grumbling a bit more, it can not talk, can not afford, and so on. This we might call mental causes. Mentally it employees like that needs to be fixed.
In other words, work stress can arise due to conditions of work (the work condition) and the quality of the worker (the personal quality). If an organization does not have a standard set of traffic management work, this work may be stressful for some people. Management standards that are not obviously work will create conditions in which there are certain people who flooded the job but there is also a crisis task. Management standards that are not obviously work will create conditions in which there are certain people who were given responsibility beyond its capacity. This is related to work conditions.
As related to the personal quality, for example, employees who have the motivation to work good, has a longer career goals, have a stronger need for achievement, and rivals, will be easier to infer the target or task as a challenge (challenge), rather than as pressure (stressful). Work stress experienced was a motivator, driving and trigger performance in the future.
This is different to the employees who have low motivation, have a short career goal (just as long as you receive a salary or origin is not idle), or have a less strong need for achievement. Employees of this second type would be easy to conclude that the task or the target given to him as a stressor. Employees of this type easily dizzy, easily confused, it's easy to feel depressed.

Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 with the chemical formula was invented by Louis Jacques Thenard in 1818 (Wikipedia.com). This compound is an inorganic chemical that has strong oxidizing properties. Raw material for making hydrogen peroxide is hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2). Technology is widely used in the auto industry is the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of anthraquinone.

H2O2 is colorless, odorless typical slightly acidic, and dissolves well in water. Under normal conditions (ambient conditions), hydrogen peroxide is very stable with a decomposition rate of roughly less than 1% per year.

The majority of the use of hydrogen peroxide is to utilize and manipulate the decomposition reaction, which in essence produces oxygen. At this stage of the production of hydrogen peroxide, chemical stabilizer material is usually added in order to inhibit the rate of decomposition. Including the decomposition that occurs during the hydrogen peroxide product in storage. In addition to generating oxygen, hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction also produces water (H2O) and heat. Exothermic decomposition reaction that occurs is as follows:

H2O2 -> H2O + 23: 45 + 1/2O2 kcal / mol

Factors affecting hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction is:

1. Certain organic materials, such as alcohol and gasoline
2. Catalysts, such as Pd, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn
3. Temperature, the reaction rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide increased by 2. 2 x every increase of 10 ° C (in the temperature range 20-100oC)
4. Uneven surface of the container (active surface)
5. Suspended solids, such as dust particles or other impurities
6. The higher the pH (more alkaline) the higher the rate of decomposition
7. Radiation, particularly radiation of light with short wavelengths

Hydrogen peroxide can be used as a bleach or bleaching agents agent in the pulp, paper and textiles. These compounds are also commonly used in wastewater treatment processes, chemical industry, the manufacture of detergents, food and beverage, medical, and industrial electronics (PCB manufacture).

One of the benefits of hydrogen peroxide compared with other oxidizing agents is its environmentally friendly because it leaves no harmful residue. Oksidatornya strength can also be set according to need. For example in the pulp and paper industry, the use of hydrogen peroxide is usually combined with NaOH or caustic soda. The more alkaline, then the hydrogen peroxide decomposition rates even higher. Hydrogen peroxide needs of the industry will continue to increase from year to year.

lighting in the workspace

lighting gives a positive impact as the maximum production, availability of goods and services, expansion of the work environment. So indirectly help reduce the availability of accident and cause harmful side effects. Lighting factors have had two kinds, among others:
1. Good lighting is lighting which allows us to see objects clearly done, quickly and without unnecessary effort, following the things that determine good lighting, among others:
a. Luminensi division in the field of vision
b. prevention of glare
c. Lighting heat to the environment
d. beam direction
e. color
2. Poor lighting is lighting which we are less able to see objects that do are not clear and allow assisted by visual aids. Influence the result of poor lighting, among others:
a. eyestrain
b. mental fatigue
c. Damage to the visual apparatus
d. Complaints of fatigue around the eyes
e. The increase in accidents
Glare is unwanted light (Unwanted light) that can cause discomfort, disturbance (annouyance), eye fatigue or visual disturbances.
Reflected glare Glare is caused by all the light reflecting surfaces that are in the field of vision. Example, glass, walls, ceilings, floors, counter machines, and others.

mechanical vibration

The intensity of the mechanical vibration is a form of mechanical energy generated by a machine or mechanical device driven by a motor. Vibration by equipment or machinery being operated.
Equipment or machinery during operation will cause a vibration, in addition to the onset of noise. Vibration is not only caused by equipment or machinery that does not move like in an industry, but occurs also in the equipment or machinery that moves, such as vehicles or heavy equipment, tractors, forklifts, and so on.
As a result of the mechanical vibrations are as follows:
1. Mechanical effects on the network
2. Stimulation of nerve receptors in the network
In effect this mechanical tissue cells may be damaged or disturbed metabolism. On receptor stimulation, interference may occur through the central nervous system or directly to the autonomic. Both of these mechanisms occur simultaneously. For practical purposes, distinguished three levels of mechanical vibration effects, are sa follows:
a. Pleasure in this disorder is limited to vibrations favors disruption of work.
b. Disruption of tasks that occur together with the rapid exhaustion.
c. Danger to health.

Why look for the "root cause"?

An investigator who believes that accidents are caused by unsafe conditions will likely try to uncover conditions as causes. On the other hand, one who believes they are caused by unsafe acts will attempt to find the human errors that are causes. Therefore, it is necessary to examine some underlying factors in a chain of events that ends in an accident.
The important point is that even in the most seemingly straightforward accidents, seldom, if ever, is there only a single cause. For example, an "investigation" which concludes that an accident was due to worker carelessness, and goes no further, fails to seek answers to several important questions such as:

• Was the worker distracted? If yes, why was the worker distracted?
• Was a safe work procedure being followed? If not, why not?
• Were safety devices in order? If not, why not?
• Was the worker trained? If not, why not?

An inquiry that answers these and related questions will probably reveal conditions that are more open to correction than attempts to prevent "carelessness".